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GEORGE SCOTT, OF PHILADELPHIA, PEN N SXLV AN 1A, A SSIGN (')R T() HIMSILLF, CHARLS MELCHER, JOHN'MELCHER, CHAR-LES H. MELCHER, GEORGE W. BHCLCHER, AND TIL- LAM H. M ELC HE R 'Leiters Patent No. 101,525, (Intell April 5, |870.

:Innover/ism' 1N Bmcx AND mss-MACHINES v I The Schedule referred to these Letters Patent and making part of the same Y I, GEORGE SCOTT, ofthe cityiand county of Philadelphia andState of Pennsylvania, have invented cer- Atalnl.improvements in Brick andl Tile lllachinerv, of

which the following,r is a correct specilication.

The first part of my invention relates to the. mode of forcing the clay from the cylinder through the die by 'means ot' a wood-filled piston-head, furnished with a valve and worked by a yoke land cam connected by natrly exrel and admitair as the piston advances or recedes,"and prevent the clay sticking tothe pistonhead. The second partof my invention relates to shaping llfdie in sllfh'a manner that thetendencyoftheiclay.. j to expand under the pressure is done away with be'l fore the clay reaches the mouth of the die, and to the lining of the dies with soap-stone, wood, or other porous and suitable substance, into which I inject water, oil', or other lubricating tluid, if necessary. By these means the friction is diminished, and a. smoother and better surface produced on the web of clay, and the use of rollers dispensed with, though rollers ot' soapstone or of hollow iron or other substance into'which steam is injected may still be placed at the month ofthe die to facilitate the passage of the web.

The third pai-tof my invention relates to the cutting of the web ofcluy after it 'has left the die by means of a reciprocating knife-frame, in combin'ationwith a slot- I' ted platihrm and cutting-blocks, in suoli a manner that by the time the next stroke of the piston forces out more clay the raw bricks or tiles are ready tolle pushed onto boards' placed toreceive them, and the. knife-name is ready on its ret-urn to cut afresh the new web.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sec-tion.

Figure 2 is a plan vof the same. v

Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section.

Figure 4 is a cross-section of cutting arrangement.

Figure 5 is a plan of cutting arrangement.

Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal section.

First Pmt.

A is the driving-pulley, hung ou thc.intermediate -shaft B, 0n which is placed the spur-pinion (l, which gears into the wheels 1) and E, represented by tho pitch-lines in the drawings. These wheels D- and IG are of the same diameter. F, which revolves in the bearings {"r G, and bet-weon these bearings the cam H is made fast, and revolves between the friction-rollers l. i, hung,r on strom.r piusat the extremities of the volte J, which .slides iu grooves formed in the Stands (.onnocted with the hearings (i (i.

D is made fast on the shat't 'lhe revolving of the cam acting on the friction-rollers l ll gives the yoke J a reciprocating motion. v

v This yoke .ll is elongated, made hollow, and finishes with the wood-f1lled piston-head K. The piston-head being recessed, as indicated at L,aud Killed with porous wocd,`iu the center of whielris placed a valve, M, connecting with 4thc hollow portion of the yoke J. By'

means-of this valve thc confined air at the bottom oi" the cylinder and in the die esca-pcs when relievedof pressure, and adhesion between the pistou-head 4and clay in contact with it is destroyed.

The piston K has an apron, N, attached to it on its upper portion, which closes the opening O into the bottom oi' the pug-mill l?. The object ofithis apron is to prevent the clay from ,falliugbakof the piston when it 'has traveled past theopeniugi). The-cylinl, der Q receivesthe clay-tln-olngith-is opening 'Io!u...thjf.

pug-mill, which is ofthe usual construction; l

The pug-mill shaft R is stepped in the bed-plate S,

and passes up through the' bottom ofthe pug-millou't side of the c i-'liuder Q, having a 'top bearing inthe hopper T. flhe shaftlt is t-ted'witli the usual knives for cutting and mixing the clay, and has keyed on it, near the bottom l of the mill, a pusher, U, made' in the` form ot' a propcllerehladc, so that at every revolution ot' the shaft the pusher forces thenla-y through the opeuing 0 inN ti'o'nt ofthe pistou. i f

Motionv is communicated to tbc1pug-mill shaft by means of the miter-whecls V Vroue fastened to thc pug-mill shaft, the other hung onto thohorizontalshaft W, which carries the spur-wheel E. It will thus be seen that while thc pusher U 'has made one revo'-v lution iu the mill, the piston K has advanced :ind re# Y ceded once, the two. hein-geo adi usted that the' head oi' the pist-on is advancing ,'iust in front ofthe opening at the bottom ofthe mill, when the pusher has commenced pxessingthmciay.denimthrngh'the opening. Instead -of extending the png-mill shaft down through the mill, it can be stepped in a collaror socketat the bottom oi'r the mill, and thc motion communicated by means of a miter-wheel fastened onto the pug-mill sha-ft, extended above the top bearing in the hopper, and intermediate gearing connecting it with the cum.

Second Pari..

,l`hc end of the cylinder Q is fitted with a die ot'auy sha-pc, corrcspomliugwith the article to be made, being gradually couture-ted vfor that purpose from the bottom oi' the eylilulcr to i;,when it is again enlarged, as at'Z, to allow the clay to expand and take away the tendency to brust outward, when it is again diminished to the sizcol'the required article. Thus, in the manufacture of' bricks, that portion of the'dieXjoined to th'e cyl. inflcr is umile i-iwnhn'n-nd tapering toa parallelogram.

ln order to aid construction, the die is formed in two parts. The tapering portion, marked X1, where the clay meets with the most resistance, I line` with w'ood or other suitable porous substance7 and force oil, water, or other lubricating fluid through its porcs onto the surface of thc compressed clay. The outer portion ofthe die, X2, giving form finally,r to the article to he produced, I line with soap-stone, which affords a smoother and better surface, with less friction, than other substances. To facilitate the passage ofthe web, soap-stone rollers, or hollow rollers of iron or other suitable substance, into which steam is injected, may also be, placed outside the die.

T h 'i'wl Pari.

The web of clay passes over the roller a, figs. 5 and (i, covered with cloth, the under side of which is im nicrscd in sand contained in the sand-box l). The'i'oller 'a rcvolves by the friction of the web. Sand is taken up by the roller and communicated to the bottom o1' the web, and the tendency of moist clay to stick to meta-llio or like surfaces obviated. After passing over the roller, the web is delivered onto a platform, c, which is slotted or cut through at right angles to the axis'of the web. The top surface of this platform is lined with soap-stone, which is found by experiment to offer less resistance and occasion least sticking of the web.

Through these slots knives or wires, marked d d, work, the upper and lower ends of which are connected by. means of tightening-screws e e r, passing through the frame-bars ff, one above and one below the platform c. The bars ff are attached by bolts at right angles with the side-yokes g g, and moving freely by aid of the friction-rollers H H backward and forward. This motion is obtained by means of the shaft i, on which is keyed two spur-pinions jj, working into two racks formed on the extension of the yokes l G. The shaft V. has a-hand-wheel, 7.', fastened on it, so that it may he operated by hand aswell as by power.

The web having passed from the. die onto the platform e, remains stationary during the back stroke of the piston. During the period of the advance of the web, the two blocks -my m are pressed back from its sides by the, pressure of the sides of the knives in the slots cntin the blocks ou the one side, and communicated by means of the double lever s, as hereafter explained,

to the other side. While the piston is making its back stroke the hand-wheel is turned, when the two blocks m m, relieved from the pressure of the sides of the knives iu the slots or recesses cut iu the blocks, ad-

,vauce by means of the pressure ofthe springs n n n n,

quite up to the web, where they are cheeked by blocks the width ofthe wel) fastened beneath the frame, or other convenient method. The knives, made of sawblades or aluminium wire, cut across the web, and faiing into recesses iu the blocks oir'the other side, conipress the springs n ny n n of hoth blocksl at the same time, causing them to recede from the weband remain clear of the fresh web.

The moving of both blocks at the saine time is accomplished by means of thc ldouble lever s, one end of which is fastened iirmly onto one block, the center pivotcd as shown'at j, and the other cud jointed to the adjusting-rod Q, fruished with a'right and lefthand screw and nut, yr, in order to lengthen or slierten the rod Q, which is in turn fastened by its opposite extremity ,to the other block. Thus one block m cau- -uot nieve without the other, each moving in au opposoap-stone diel X2, substantially as and for the purpose hereiuhetbrc forth.

2. The use of soap-stone or of hollow cylinders into which steam is injected, for rollers, to facilitate the passage of the web, though l expressly disclaim the employment of ii'iction-rollers for the purpose of diminishing friction iu the die orthc contracting of the web.

3. The combination of the soap-stone-'liued slotted.

platforn'i e, the framcff, side yokes G G, the blocks 4man, with the lever o and adjustingrml q, substam tially as and for the purpose hereinhel'n'e set forth. GEORGE SCOTT Witnesses z FRANK Wonen, A. FRANK (lrs'ils. 

